The Trojan War Linked to Mythology Research Paper

The Trojan War Linked to Mythology - Research Paper Example This work compliments the rest of the work collected from the epic cycle, a reference of various ancient literature. The Trojan War is largely reflected in several of these stories. This paper pertinently discusses the Trojan War and its relation to myths. Analysis The central event, which is also mythological, is the cause of the Great Trojan War. Many accounts points on the existence of a conflict amongst the Greek goddesses. The conflict was based on partnerships and prophesies of the time. However, this was so staid to arouse a war that lasted about ten years. Most accounts place the conflict at the failure of Eris to attend the wedding of Peleus and Thetis, after being invited. However, the conflict seems to have sourced further. The unique thing about the marriage was the attributes of the involved parties. Thetis was a goddess while Peleus was a mortal. This did not augur well with the rest of the Gods, hence the existence of a resistance in preferences. It had been recorded t hat two of the most powerful gods were interested in the beautiful goddess and at some point had forced her to lay with them. The two, Zeus, and Poseidon had degenerated into bitter rivals as they sought Thetis’ hand in marriage. Amongst the driving factor behind this quest was a prophecy by Themis, (also referred to as Prometheus), over the child bored by a union with Thetis. He had stated that any son born from the union will exceed the greatness of his father. This statement was translated along various perceptions, in Zeus’ case implying that the son might eventuate into ruling Olympus. This possibility discouraged the quests of the two gods, and Zeus opted to marry the goddess to a mortal (Thomas, 56). This decision called for further scrutiny of the appropriate candidates that could suit the hand of a goddess. The opportunity was accorded to Peleus, who was described as the most worthy of the other mortals. The wedding was grandiose, with all gods and goddesses i n attendance, all except Eris. She (Eris) was associated with discord, hence was commonly referred to as Eris, the goddess of discord. She seemed not to assent to the wedding. Out of this fury, she threw a golden apple in the midst of the guests that had attended the occasion. The apple had on its inscription the phrase ‘for the fairest’. This brought rift in the whole event, putting in mind that the rest of the goddesses were in attendance, as well. The battle for the apple was left to the three fairest goddesses, Aphrodite, Athena and Hera. The decision at hand was so intense to be decided on the spot, or by either of the three. Therefore, the three chose an arbitrator to assist in the development of the final decision. The appropriate individual for the task was thought to be Zeus, putting in mind that he was the organizer of the risky wedding. Upon this consideration, the three goddesses sought his intervention in the making of the critical decision (Thomas, 67). Ho wever, Zeus was rather too wise to accept such an overwhelming and sensitive task; instead he relegated the task to Paris, who was officially referred to, as the prince of Trojan. This he directed Hermes to conduct, and the case was sent to Paris to arbitrate. The young prince was rather overwhelmed by the zealous goddesses, who proceeded to offer him a couple of gifts which he was to receive upon making favourable judgements. Athena proposed to make him a reputable Hero or eminent General that commanded honour across all generations. Hera based her bribes on

PESTLE Analysis of Sweden

PESTLE Analysis of Sweden Sweden, which occupies the eastern part of the Scandinavian Peninsula, is the fourth-largest country in Europe and is one-tenth larger than California. The country slopes eastward and southward from the Kjà ³len Mountains along the Norwegian border, where the peak elevation is Kebnekaise at 6,965 ft (2,123 m) in Lapland. In the north are mountains and many lakes. To the south and east are central lowlands and south of them are fertile areas of forest, valley, and plain. Along Swedens rocky coast, chopped up by bays and inlets, are many islands, the largest of which are Gotland and Oland. This country is having the area of 449964 sq km slightly larger than California. STOCKHOLM is the capital.They are having the Constitutional monarchy type of government and also have parliamentary democracy. PESTEL ANALYSIS OF THE SWEDEN: As in this country the government is having the constitutional monarchy and has parliamentary democracy. In the economy of the there is a big swap after 1991. This economy is enriched by the sources of the timer, hydropower and iron ore. POLITICAL ANALYSIS: Ordinary general elections to the Swedish Parliament are held every fourth year on the third Sunday in September. County council and municipal council elections take place at the same time. A party must receive at least 4% of the votes in the entire country or 12% in a single electoral district to qualify for any seats in Parliament.Sweden is a constitutional monarchy in which King Karl XVI Gustaf is main head of the state. Sweden is the unitary state currently divided into the 21 countries.Each country has a country administrative board, which is a government appointed board. Its led by a governor appointed for period of six years. The main responsibilities of the County Administrative Board are to coordinate the development of the county in line with goals set in national politics. In each county there is also a County Council or landsting which is a policy-making assembly elected by the residents of the county. Constitutionally, the 349-member Riksdag (Parliament) holds supreme authority in modern Sweden. The Riksdag is responsible for choosing the prime minister, who then appoints the government (the ministers). The legislative power is only exercised by the Riksdag. Legislation may be initiated by the cabinet or by members of Parliament. Members are elected on the basis of proportional representation for a four-year term. The Constitution of Sweden can be altered by the Riksdag, which requires a simple but absolute majority and two decisions with general elections in between. Sweden has three other constitutional laws: The Act of Royal Succession, The Freedom of Press Act and The Fundamental Law on Freedom of Expression. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS: GDP (2010 est., nominal): $438.8 billion. GDP (2010 est., per capita purchasing power parity): $37,032. GNI (2009, per capita purchasing power parity): $38,560. Annual GDP growth rate (2010 est.): 4.5%. Exchange rate (September 2010): Swedish kronor (SEK) per U.S. dollar = 7.073. Exchange rate (January-September 2010 avg.): Swedish kronor (SEK) per U.S. dollar = 7.3475. Inflation rate (2010 est.): 1.4%. Natural resources: Forests, hydroelectric power, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, gold, silver, tungsten, uranium, arsenic, feldspar, timber. Industry (2010): Approximately 26.6% of GDP. TYPES: machinery/metal products (iron and steel), electrical equipment, aircraft, paper products, precision equipment (bearings, radio and telephone parts, armaments), wood pulp and paper products, processed foods. Services (2010): Approximately 71.8% of GDP. Typestelecommunications, computer equipment, biotech. Trade: Exports (2010)SEK 728.2 billion (U.S. $102.9 billion). Major trading partners, exports (2010)-Germany, Norway, U.K., U.S., Denmark, Finland, France, Netherlands, China. Imports (2010)SEK 687.6 billion (U.S. $97.2 billion). Typesmachinery and transport equipment, 41.8%; food, clothing, textiles and furniture, 19.6%; mineral fuels and electric current, 13.5%; chemicals and rubber products, 12.8%; minerals, 9.2%; wood and paper products, 3.1%. Major trading partners, imports (2010)- Germany, Norway, Denmark, Netherlands, U.K., Finland, Russia, France, Belgium, China. The typical worker receives 40% of his income after the tax wedge. The slowly declining overall taxation, 51.1% of GDP in 2007, is still nearly double of that in the United States or Ireland. The share of employment financed via tax income amounts to a third of Swedish workforce, a substantially higher proportion than in most other countries. REAL GDP GROWTH IN SWEDEN IN BETWEEN 1996-2006 SOCIAL ANALYSIS: Sweden has one of the most highly developed welfare states in the world. The country has a higher level of social spending to GDP than any other nation. Additionally it provides equal as well as comprehensive access to education and health care. Sweden provided solid support for free trade (except agriculture) and mostly relatively strong and stable property rights (both private and public), though some economists have pointed out that Sweden promoted industries with tariffs and used publicly subsidized RD during the countrys early critical years of industrialization. From the 1970s and onwards Swedens GDP growth fell behind other industrialized countries and the countrys per capita ranking fell from the 4th to 14th place in a few decades. Sweden adopted neo-liberal agricultural policies in 1990. Since the 1930s, the agricultural sector had been subject to price controls. In June 1990, the Parliament voted for a new agricultural policy marking a significant shift away from price controls. As a result, food prices fell somewhat. However, the liberalizations soon became moot because EU agricultural controls supervened. As of 2007, total tax revenue was 47.8% of GDP, the second highest tax burden among developed countries, down from 49.1% 2006. Swedens inverted tax wedge the amount going to the service workers wallet is approximately 15% compared to 10% in Belgium, 30% in Ireland, and 50% in United States. Public sector spending amounts to 53% of the GDP. State and municipal employees total around a third of the workforce, much more than in most Western countries. Only Denmark has a larger public sector (38% of Danish workforce). Spending on transfers is also high. TECHNOLOGICAL ANALYSIS: The traditional engineering industry is still a major source of Swedish inventions, but pharmaceuticals, electronics and other high-tech industries are gaining ground. Tetra was an invention for storing liquid foods, invented by Erik Wallenberg. Losec, an ulcer medicine, was the worlds best-selling drug in the 1990s and was developed by AstraZeneca. More recently Hakan Lans invented the Automatic Identification System, a worldwide standard for shipping and civil aviation navigation. Swedish inventors hold a total of 33,523 patents in the United States as of 2007, according to the United States Patent and Trademark Office. As a nation, only ten other countries hold more patents than Sweden. In 1991 the government announced it would begin taking applications from private television companies wishing to broadcast on the terrestrial network. TV4, which had previously been broadcasting via satellite, was granted a permit and began its terrestrial broadcasts in 1992, becoming the first private channel to broadcast television content from within the country. Around half the populations are connected to cable television. Digital terrestrial television started in 1999 and the last analogue terrestrial broadcasts were terminated in 2007. Swedens energy is largely privatized. The Nordic energy market is one of the first liberalized energy markets in Europe. The traditional engineering industry is still a major source of Swedish inventions, but pharmaceuticals, electronics and other high-tech industries are gaining ground. Tetra Pak was an invention for storing liquid foods, invented by Erik Wallenberg. Losec, an ulcer medicine, was the worlds best-selling drug in the 1990s and was developed by AstraZeneca. More recently Hakan Lans invented the Automatic Identification System, a worldwide standard for shipping and civil aviation navigation. A large portion of the Swedish economy is to this day based on the export of technical inventions, and many large multinational corporations from Sweden have their origins in the ingenuity of Swedish inventors. LEGAL ANALYSIS: The supreme court of Sweden is the last step for all civil and criminal cases. The Supreme Court consist of 16 councilors of justice which were appointed by government, but the court as an institution is independent and the government cannot interfere in the decisions of the court. The Swedish police service is government agency concerned with police matters. All the matters are solved by the national police as there is municipal police. The entire police is under national government from 1 January 1965. Here courts are divided in 2 parallel courts General court-for criminal and civil case General administrative court-for administrative cases. Mainly the justices for these courts are appointed by government. ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS: Environmental protection laws: These are mainly upgraded to have control over the environment from different factors. Disposal of wastes in a proper and specified manner. SOURCES OR POTENTIAL SOURCES OF COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE FOR SWEDEN BY USING PORTER DIAMOND MODEL: The potential sources are related with the competitive advantage for the various countries in the world. Porter diamond model (1990) shows direct relation of the growth of the different economies of the world. POTERS DIAMOND- THE DETERMINANTS OF THE NATIONAL ADVANTAGE: As the market in Sweden is growing at a stagnant growth. The economy is fastly growing in technical sector such as in computer equipments, biotech and telecommunications. Using the porters model the potential of Sweden can be analyzed not only separately but in combined form also. As the different countries have their combined technology with the Sweden to create the better form of product and services. As the incomes from these sources are up to the 71%of the total income. As the country started growing in the era of 1990s. Porter model shows us that how various nation grow up in the various clusters of the various industries and developing the different work groups which develops the country. Sweden has developed the potential sources of the telecomm and various sectors so as to increase the income and growth rate of the country. CONCLUSION: From this we conclude that the country is growing at a faster rate. The country is having the dynamic growth in the field of the telecom and the computer sector. As the net income is increasing at the higher rate and they are many businesses at the better rate. ANALYSIS OF THE PESTLE MODEL: As we have seen in PESTEL analysis of SWEDEN that how all the factors are closely related to the country .In start Sweden was not so grown country but after that government played a very important role in growth of Sweden and Foreign Direct Investment gave a big booster to sweden due to it Sweden started to use technology and it has become labor-intense economy from Agriculture economy. GDP of Sweden is also growing with a rapid speed and is near about 9%, inflation rate is very low 1.50% which is plus point for Sweden. Per capita income is also $ 16423 per annum because of it the standard of living of people has increased and people are living a luxurious life and If we talk about the social welfare so Swedens govt. is very helpful in social welfare, it is running many social welfare programs. For providing all these facilities every country need good Govt. Revenue so Sweden has a very strong taxation policy thats why Sweden easily raises funds and then it provides all the facilities to people, Education level of people has also increased and now people have become more literate. If we talk about legal and environmental factors then we can say that the production level of Sweden has increased thats why the energy consumption level has also increased so to make a balance in environment Sweden govt. has some rules and regulation which are helpful for Environment these rules.

Utilitarianism, Economics and Ethics Essay -- Flaws in Utilitarianism

Imagine a child living in a hot, government owned apartment in Chicago. He has no father. With his single, jobless mother he struggles to the words of the founding fathers: â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with inherent and inalienable Rights; that among these, are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness...† (The Declaration of Independence). This is one of the most famous phrases in the US Declaration of Independence and has become the underpinning of the dreams of millions of people around the world. Although the words are different, these sentiments are reflected in the political and economical policies of many democracies. While the notion of ‘happiness for all’ seems like the obvious solution to many of our persistent problems, we inevitably encounter conflicts between our actions and our morals. â€Å"The state is based on†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦the contradiction between public a nd private life, between universal and particular interests. For this reason, the state must confine itself to formal, negative activities.†(Marx, 1992). This essay focuses on the issues of a prominent theory, Utilitarianism as it blends and encompasses both areas of Economics and Ethics which have become the basis of our governmental bodies. In Utilitarianism the aim of our actions is to achieve happiness for the greatest number of people. â€Å"Actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness.† (Mill, 1971). Utilitarianism directly appeals to human emotions and our reactions to different events. Emotions are a fundamental Way of Knowing and influence both ethical and economical theories. In most cultures there are fundame... ...eories to stay stagnant and restrictive at the same time as our economies, ethical systems and societies are changing so dramatically right in front of us? Works Cited Brannigan, Jack. The Purpose of Life & the General Theory of Ethics. Nebraska, USA: iUniverse, 2005. The Declaration of Independence: A Transcription. Web. 14 June 2015. http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/declaration_transcript.html Jenkins, Author Joe. Ethics and Religion. Oxford, UK: Heinemann Educational Publishers, 2003. Lagemaat, Richard van de. Theory of Knowledge for the IB Diploma. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Marx, Karl. Early Writings. London, UK: Penguin Classics, 1992. Rothbard, Murray N. Ethics of Liberty. New York, USA: New York University Press, 1998. Sen, Amartya. On Ethics and Economics. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing, 1988.

Analysis of Mood in Porphyria’s Lover

Erin Brewton Rosemary Royston ENGL 2601 21 October 2012 Mood in Porphyria’s Lover Robert Browning uses powerful moments of personification and imagery that linger in a reader’s mind. However, the one craft that truly stands out is the mood of the poem. Browning uses specific word choice, imagery, and tone to shape the mood into what can best be described as haunting. Given the topic of the piece, the reaction to find the piece haunting only seems natural. But Browning uses some very interesting ways to make a reader slightly uncomfortable even before awareness is raised about the disturbing murder to follow.He also uses punctuation in the last few lines to capture the long-going uneasiness and blooming insanity of the work. After the first line of the poem, Browning begins to use personification, telling us â€Å"The sullen wind was soon awake, / It tore the elm-tops down for spite, / And did its worst to vex the lake:† (Browning 2-4). The words chosen for person ifying the wind have clear negative connotations. Browning tells us that the wind is tearing down the tree tops just â€Å"for spite†, which acknowledges that the wind has a specific intent to hurt the trees.The lake is also being purposefully agitated by the wind. The aggressive nature of the wind is foreshadowing the strangling of Porphyria and certainly setting an unsettling mood from the very first lines of the poem. Porphyria enters the house and â€Å"from her form / Withdrew the dripping cloak and shawl, / And laid her soiled gloves by, untied / Her hat and let the damp hair fall† (Browning 10-13). The key words in these lines are â€Å"dripping† and â€Å"soiled†. Both of these words are purposefully used to represent Porphyria. The term soiled implies that she is in fact unfaithful. Dripping† could be taken in a couple of ways. Metaphorically, she could be dripping with dirtiness from sleeping with another man/other men. Literally, her cloa k and shawl are dripping, but this could also refer to specific bodily functions women encounter during intercourse. These very subtle word choices play an important role in setting the attitude towards Porphyria. The narrator has already stated that he was listening â€Å"with heart fit to break†, which suggests even before Porphyria walks in dripping with soiled gloves that she has done something terrible (Browning 5).The mood at this point is an uneasiness caused from the aggressive wind and relational tension between the narrator and his beloved. Porphyria calls for the narrator and he does not respond. Porphyria’s reaction to his unresponsiveness is racy for the 1800s: She put my arm about her waist, And made her smooth white shoulder bare, And all her yellow hair displaced, And, stooping, made my cheek lie there, And spread, o'er all, her yellow hair, Murmuring how she loved me — (Browning 16-21). The imagery here is what sets the mood; her â€Å"smooth w hite shoulder bare† and â€Å"yellow hair† falling against his cheek.The reader is given opportunity to imagine her voice murmuring into his ear. Through this strong imagery, the mood moves switches from aggressive to strictly discomforting, specifically due to the use of the word â€Å"murmuring†. In most contexts, murmuring is used when a large crowd is speaking all at once or there is some other type of soft constant noise. With that in mind, it can be noted that if Porphyria’s statements of love are simply background noise, the narrator must be listening intently to his own mind. This is the point in which the narrators’ negative mental state begins to reveal itself.The mood remains uncomfortable but added to that is a sense of suspense. After the narrator explains that Porphyria has good intent in loving him, but that she struggles with the surplus of passion within her, he â€Å"looked up at her eyes / Happy and proud; at last I knew / Porphy ria worshiped me† (Browning 31-33). The fact that he believes Porphyria worships him would suggest some form of narcissistic disorder on the part of the narrator. After the narrator has allowed readers into this part of his mind, there is no question that he is not mentally stable.Readers may be slightly more uneasy, almost to the point of anxiousness, being inside the mind of an unstable man. However, the narrator’s tone is very matter of fact, which subdues the mood to a tolerable ache of emotional discomfort. The narrator states â€Å"That moment she was mine, mine, fair, / Perfectly pure and good† (Browning 36-37), and after such realization, he decides that in order to preserve this moment, he needs to take action. He gathers â€Å"all her hair / In one long yellow string I wound / Three times her little throat around, / And strangled her† (Browning 38-41).In this specific moment, imagery is not to thank for setting the mood. It is Browning’s t one that acknowledges the lack of emotion whilst a man is strangling his lover. The narrator voices no anger, nor bestows Porphyria with any compliments of beauty or character during the actual event of her strangling. After she is dead, the narrator voices no remorse, and even tells himself â€Å"No pain felt she; / I am quite sure she felt no pain. / As a shut bud that holds a bee† (Browning 41-43). The narrators streaming thoughts of insanity continue when he â€Å"warily oped her lids: again / Laughed the blue eyes without a stain. And I untightened next the tress / About her neck† (Browning 44-47). Porphyria’s dead eyes are still alive to him, but now they are pure (without a stain). The mood is set by the unusually calm tone paired with such a tragic and horrific event. Some readers may choose to feel the calm expressed by the tone, or some may choose to feel the disgust and anxiety expressed by the text. One of the most interesting ways that Browning crea tes a mood of insanity is in his use of exclamation points.The narrator speaks of Porphyria’s â€Å"smiling rosy little head† resting upon his shoulder, and claims it is â€Å"glad it has its utmost will, / That all it scorned at once is fled† (Browning 52-54). In the next line, Browning includes his usage of punctuation by writing â€Å"And I, its love, am gained instead! † (Browning 55). The narrator is genuinely ecstatic that Porphyria can have him, instead of struggling with trying to deny herself her passionate pleasures. To him, he is the greatest prize, which reinforces the idea that the narrator is narcissistic.Through this realization in a reader’s mind, the mood of insanity is cemented, since the monotonous and unexcited tone used by Browning changes into a tone that is content and happy despite the narrator’s horrible crime. The last three lines of this work read: â€Å"And thus we sit together now, / And all night long we have n ot stirred, / And yet God has not said a word! † (Browning 58-60). Imagery and punctuation are key in these lines. The reader is previously drawn a clear picture of Porphyria, blushing red with her unstained eyes and wet, damp, yellow hair, resting on the narrators’ shoulder.The mood gathered from â€Å"all night long we have not stirred† in this context is simply an extension of the illogical kind of insanity that has already formed. The narrator is, according to the exclamation point, in awe that God has not spoken up about his indecent actions. The building sentiment of insanity has reached its peak in this last punctuation mark. As a poet, Browning understands that by putting an audience in the mind of a sociopathic narrator, he is making the audience complicit to the crime.To this end, Browning uses several tools to create a mood of uneasiness, discomfort, and insanity from its early stages of introduction to its grand finale. The mood of uneasiness is essen tial to capture the mental state of the narrator. Further, Browning uses the lack of conscience in his narrator to heighten the discomfort of his audience. Imagery, personification, word choice, and punctuation all greatly assist in pushing the audience to feel a certain way throughout the work. Works Cited Browning, Robert. Porphyria’s Lover.

Internet Influence on Youth in Egypt and the Arab World

? Internet influence on youth in Egypt and the Arab world The Executive Summary The internet is considered as one of the most important and the fastest access to information, and for knowing the latest evolutions in different fields; with a relatively low expense, by comparing it with the other traditional ways, as journals, books and magazines.And with the worldwide increasing diffusion of the internet, and its uses, both, positive and negative, and the appearance of the e-crimes' era; it became necessary to know the Arab world's and the Arabic language's portion from the internet uses, in terms of the number of users, and the bulk of the Arab content on this network, accompanied with the acquaintance of the mechanisms and the ways adopted by the international society, the Arab world, and Egypt in chasing the e-crime and confronting it.This paper aims to discuss the extent of spread of the internet using in Egypt and the Arab world, besides the extent of the e-crimes ‘diffusio n in the Egyptian society, and ways of confronting it, in the light of some Arab and foreign countries' experiments, and also attempting to know the Egyptian youth and the parents' opinions about the most important positives and negatives of using the internet, trying to put a conception on how can the society confront such negatives and internet crimes.The study was able to know the positive sides for using the internet, which includes the allowance of information in different fields for internet users, and facilitating reading the world news, and communicating with others in non-traditional ways, through chat rooms ? or e-mail, or other modern ways, which was given by the internet to its users, in addition to the possibility of distance education and training, and also distance working through the internet, which broke the barriers between countries.Despite the above-mentioned advantages of the internet, but it's not void of – as any modernized technology- faults and negati ves, which can be divided into absolute negatives, as using the internet in order to inroad upon others and libel them, and also stealing banks and money laundering crimes, and into relative negatives, which damages differ according to the habits of people and societies, and the prevailing norms in it, beside the extravagance in using the websites of songs, games and chatting, which kill time and isolate the individual from his social surrounding.And about the widespread use of the internet in the Arab world, the study concluded that there is a gap in the proportion of internet users in the Arab world, by comparing it to the global level, where internet users in the Arab world are only 1. 4% of the total internet users in the world in 2005, while the Arab population is 5% of the world's population.In addition to that, the information content on the Internet does not represent more than 1% of the information content on the Internet. The Internet use in Egypt has started in nineties, and the number of users in 1996/1997 was about 75 thousand user. With the establishment of the Ministry of Communications and Information in 1999 and a result of the efforts made in this area, the number of internet users became 4. 4 million in 2004.