How to Become a Flight Attendant 13 Expert Tips

Step by step instructions to Become a Flight Attendant 13 Expert Tips SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Do you fantasy about going for work, contacting down in another city consistently and encountering various societies routinely? Do you love helping individuals, and live for client connections (even the not really wonderful ones)? Provided that this is true, you should think about a profession as an airline steward. Regardless of their fabulous TV and film notoriety, airline steward employments are troublesome. They’re likewise serious to get. In this article, I’ll separate how to turn into an airline steward by first choosing if a vocation as an airline steward is directly for you and, provided that this is true, how to go after airline steward positions. Turning into an airline steward is an energizing, novel profession way that can possibly change your life. Keen on Becoming a Flight Attendant? Think about These Questions First Airline steward employments are energizing, novel, and all around regarded. They can likewise be debilitating and exceptional and expect you to make critical forfeits in your own life. Before starting the protracted application procedure to be an airline steward, think about these inquiries. Is it accurate to say that you are Okay With Working Long, Difficult Hours? A flight attendant’s plan, best case scenario, incorporates long, troublesome work days. Even from a pessimistic standpoint, a flight attendant’s calendar can be erratic and debilitating. When turning into an airline steward, you’ll be answerable for having explicit days where you’ll have planned excursions to finish. You’ll additionally be liable for a bunch of days every month where you should be accessible if the need arises to hop out traveling whenever required. Your on days, and your accessible if the need arises days, can be any days - weekdays, ends of the week, occasions, and so forth. As a first year airline steward, you’ll likely must be on or accessible if the need arises for most significant travel days, and have less status in picking which excursions to fly. That implies that you’ll likely be chipping away at occasions and unquestionably be taking a shot at probably a few ends of the week. The excursions you take will frequently be very troublesome and tiring on your body. In the event that you principally fly short, national flights, you’ll likely have at least two trips in a day and be answerable for administering the client assistance needs of several clients. In the event that you fly global outings, you’ll most likely just need to fly one outing a day, however you’ll regularly have a fast turnaround time before you must be on your next flight. The cost of venturing out to such huge numbers of better places so rapidly can substantial on your body, as you’ll regularly be changing in accordance with various time regions and getting up incredibly early or remaining up extremely late. Is it accurate to say that you are Able to Commit to an Intense Training Process? Airline steward preparing is a long, extraordinary procedure. For airline steward preparing, you’ll need to move to a predetermined preparing area, where you’ll live with other airline steward learners for the length of the preparation, which can keep going for a while. Most carriers just have a few preparing offices, so you’ll likely be far away from home for the total of your preparation. Preparing days themselves are intellectually and truly debilitating. You’ll be learning rules about how to protect individuals noticeable all around, just as rehearsing the physical abilities you’ll need to help pack the planes or lead safe clearings. OK Be Okay Moving For Work? Aircrafts have center points where a considerable lot of their flights start, and their flight teams are regularly required to live close by so they can be prepared to bounce on a trip at a moment’s notice. On the off chance that you don’t live close your airline’s center point, you’ll likely need to move, in any event for the piece of the month where you’re available to come in to work. That can mean leaving your loved ones behind for a lot of time. Do You Like Dealing With Customers? As an airline steward, you’ll need to manage clients constantly - and they won’t consistently be charming or glad to work with you. In the event that you don’t like managing clients, being an airline steward presumably isn’t the correct activity for you. The most effective method to Become a Flight Attendant: Flight Attendant Requirements Still need to be an airline steward? Going after a position as an airline steward is exceptionally serious. For example, Delta consistently gets 100,000 applications during its open enlistment periods, from which they just acknowledge a few hundred students. Numerous carriers have severe prerequisites for their airline stewards. In this area, I’ll talk about what a portion of those necessities are. Remember, notwithstanding, that each aircraft has various prerequisites of its orderlies. Airline steward Requirements for Minimum Age All aircrafts have least age prerequisites from candidates. These can go from 18 to 21 years of age, contingent upon the carrier. There is no most extreme age necessity for airline stewards at any US aircraft. Airline steward Requirements for Physical Ability Perhaps the best fantasy about being an airline steward is that you should be a wonderful supermodel so as to be an airline steward. False! Carriers don’t have physical appearance necessities, yet they do need you to look flawless and all around prepared. Typically, aircrafts will in general search for moderate, great styles of dress and appearance. That implies that your hair ought to be colored a characteristic shading and you shouldn’t have any noticeable tattoos or piercings, other than ears. As far as tallness and weight, aircrafts require that you’ll have the option to arrive at the overhead canisters to store baggage and that you can fit into the bounce seat without any problem. Other than that, there are no hard or quick shorts for tallness or weight. Carriers require their airline stewards to have 20/20 vision, which can be accomplished either normally or using contacts as well as glasses. At last, a few aircrafts may expect you to experience a clinical or physical wellness test to guarantee that you’re in sufficient wellbeing to satisfy the job’s necessities. Airline steward Requirements for Education All US carriers necessitate that you have a secondary school confirmation or GED to apply. You should likewise have the option to pass a full individual verification and medication screening. The most effective method to Become a Flight Attendant: Finding a Job Airline steward employments can be hard to track down. Aircrafts regularly have employing windows during the time during which they acknowledge applications. Not many US carriers are employing all year. With that in mind, here are a few hints for securing the airline steward position you had always wanted. Choose Which Airlines You’d Like to Work For In the first place, you ought to choose what carriers you’d like to fly for. The entirety of the US aircrafts are altogether different. While thinking about which carrier you’d like to fly with, consider the accompanying inquiries. #1: Where would I like to fly? Only one out of every odd aircraft flies similar spots. In the event that you’ve got your heart set on making it out to the Pacific Northwest, ensure you’re applying to a carrier that flies there.#2: What’s my client support reasoning? Every carrier has its own way of thinking about client support. Look into the aircrafts to see which coordinates your own client assistance philosophy.:3: What’re other airline stewards saying about working for this carrier? You can utilize online organization survey locales like Glassdoor to get a sneak look into what it’s like to work at an alternate carrier. These audits can assist you with seeing the positives and negatives an organization, so you can settle on a progressively educated choice about where to apply. Continuously think about these audits while taking other factors into consideration, howeverâ€just in light of the fact that another person had an awful encounter, doesn ’t mean you will, as well. Use Job Search Sites Places of work like Indeed.com and Monster.com can assist you with discovering when organizations are recruiting airline stewards. You can likewise check Flight Attendant Career, a site that gives data about open candidate periods for all carriers in a single spot. Check the Websites of Airlines You’re Interested In Another extraordinary method to secure airline steward positions is to watch the sites of the carriers that you’re keen on applying to. They’ll regularly have data about open situations on their locales. The most effective method to Become a Flight Attendant: Applying for Jobs As I referenced, applying to be an airline steward is serious. In this area, I’ll talk about how you can stand apart from the group during the application and meeting process. Step by step instructions to Present a Polished Flight Attendant Application Recruiting supervisors at aircrafts need to glance through a huge number of utilizations. Here are a couple of tips to make your application stick out. Hotshot Your Skills Aircrafts are regularly hoping to recruit airline stewards who have extraordinary aptitudes, as uncommon client assistance capacity or an enthusiasm for movement. On the off chance that you’ve demonstrated yourself to have the option to work with individuals in various circumstances, you’ll certainly need to feature this on your application. For example, if you’ve experienced and needed to serve individuals from various foundations in a past activity, it’ll show that you’ve got the stuff to manage individuals. Likewise, aircrafts are searching for up-and-comers who will appreciate voyaging, which will clearly be a huge an aspect of your responsibilities portrayal. On the off chance that you’ve voyaged a ton, feature that, regardless of whether it’s in a later segment of your resume, for example, individual interests or aptitudes. At long last, if you’re hoping to fly globally, familiarity with another dialect can help you genuinely stand apart from the pack, as you’ll need to help clients whose first language isn’t English. Ensure that your application mirrors any exceptional aptitudes you have that’ll help you champion from the group. Feature Your Experience On the off chance that you have past understanding as a flight att

Discuss Internet as a tool to International marketing research Essay

Examine Internet as a device to International promoting research - Essay Example This kind of research should consistently have some type of information assortment, regardless of whether it be auxiliary research or essential research, which is gathered direct from a respondent. There are two kinds of research: quantitative and subjective. Quantitative research includes numbers. A model, a cheap food chain may request that clients rate the administration as fantastic, great, poor or poor. Subjective research attempts to see how or why things are how they are. The exploration includes more eye to eye contact. A model, an examination may ask a shoppers for what reason they have chosen to purchase a specific kind of soda. The Internet has changed how promoting research has changed universally. Why, rate shrewd, a large portion of the homes in the United States have PCs. This development came to fruition for four reasons: the costs of PCs are diminishing, current home associations, slow, yet are presently getting increasingly quick, organizations are spending a lot of cash on little web just PCs, and the presentation of web TV. Every one of these variables have, and will keep on expanding the quantity of individuals with access to the web. What will likewise increment is the possibility to accumulate data from shoppers, get to auxiliary information sources, promote and sell items. This is an extraordinary bit of leeway to organizations, and not simply huge organizations. Another favorable position of the web is that it puts all organizations little and huge on a level playing field, as far as showcasing to potential clients through the web. Advertising to clients over the web requires examine which is the reason economic specialists are so imperative to the procedure. What are the worldwide ramifications of web advertising research Universal promoting research ventures have been very perplexing to control and in spite of the fact that specialists can speak with advertise members around the world doing research on the web can be costly. To do powerful worldwide research, the specialist must consider two angles specific to this sort of advertising research interpretation and culture.First viewpoint It is significant that in various nations specialists interpret multilingual research on the grounds that a course book comprehension of a language doesn't appropriately catch the necessary subtleties. Likewise, nations contrast by they way they may utilize one specific word. Second perspective It is significant that multicultural research requires a cautious audit with respect to the social tastes, inclinations and restrictions in each taking part nation. For instance, in the United States and Europe assessments of public sentiment about state dignitaries are ordinary and papers, and magazines as often as possible print them. However, it is exceptionally impossible that an assessment of public sentiment about the illustrious group of Thailand could ever be directed there, or distributed. Points of interest The benefits of the web and statistical surveying is that databases with fragmented locations, lost universal mail, time delays from mailing, and costly time traveling have all been decreased significantly. Promoting As indicated by an overview directed by Pew Research Center for the People and the Press, there is a more standard crowd present on the web. That implies a lot to the business network. Focal points for publicizing on the web. To begin with, organizations can contact their focused on crowds better. Sites demand individual data about the

Random Notes from the Week After - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

Random Notes from the Week After - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Random Notes from the Week After After a few days of opening mail, reading files late into the night, scanning documents, and answering emails, here are a few quick and random thoughts from me (take these with a grain of salt): To the teacher that decided to put seven staples into your two page teacher recommendation, please do not ever do that again. Please! I have really enjoyed reading some great essays (and a few not so great), and I hope to contact a few students to see if I can get their permission to post a few on the blog. Jaynie C. from Marietta, great essays! To the teacher who wrote I sent this letter 6 weeks ago and yesterday, I received a chopped up envelope in the mail with an apology from the USPS, we are fine to take the letter that you included. I love my postal service, but sometimes To the schools that have to staple their transcripts, at least do not staple right through your students name (Chattahoochee among others). It is difficult enough to pull out the staples, much less try to save the name underneath. The transcripts all survived, but my calm language did not. Maybe this suggestion will help out for next year. To the schools that sent in all their updated transcripts in one large packet with no staples, and alphabetically to boot, I love you. If I could marry a school, I would (Sayre, Walton, etc.). Wow, some of you get to take some great classes! I wish I was able to take Science Fiction Lit. in my high school. To the 5,000 plus teachers and 14,000 plus counselors who did their recommendations online, I love you too! I am already married, though, so I can not propose. To the students, teachers and counselors who sent in things well before the deadlines, you are awesome! We are fine with things being sent on the deadline, but things that are sent well before the deadline are much appreciated! Every year, I am amazed at how much you (the applicants) are able to fit into your life. I have seen a great deal of students who are very active in their schools, their communities, and in the world as a whole. To the students, parents, counselors, teachers, etc., that call, email or send us notes and other items of thanks, we love you! To the ones that scream, yell, curse and threaten, never mind, you just do not get it. To all the 18,000 or so freshman applicants for your interest in UGA and being a bulldog, thanks for considering UGA as one of your college options. We are almost done opening, scanning and merging the mail into all the student files, but be patient, as our system is not a live update system. We will be double-checking incomplete files over the next few weeks to search out missing items, but if it has been 8-10 business days since something has been sent and it is still not showing up, talk to the sender. If need be, send the missing item again, and make sure it has your full name and birthdate on it! Now back to file reading! Go Dawgs!

Confucianism and Filial Piety in Chinese Culture Essay...

Duc Hoang Professor Sandra Lee IQS 125 26 May 2008 Confucianism and Filial Piety in Chinese culture Western people might wonder why once upon a time in China, choosing a wife or husband for one’s life was not his or her decision but their parents’, or one must mourn for their deceased parents at least three years. The answer is about the definition of morality. Different conceptions of morality have guided different cultures in different directions regarding a central question of human existence: Does morality require filial piety (or filial obligation) of children toward their parents? Confucianism, which remains influential in Chinese culture, answers an emphatic yes, while Western cultures response is ambiguous, to†¦show more content†¦The concept may appear simple as parents loving their children, spouses and siblings getting along well, friends helping each other, children caring for their parents. Differently in the West, most social unrest is the result of the breakdown of family structure, violence caused by friends or spouses having a disagreement. The fourth basic principle of Confucian thought is Te, which has been translated to mean power. According to Confucius, only if a leader can set a moral example, can he be successfully followed by his subjects. The final principle of Confucian thought is Wen, which can be accurately described as the aesthetic and spiritual expressions which are necessary to sustain culture. In addition, Li refers Confucius rules of propriety which has shape much of family values. In Confucianism, propriety is defined as the quality of being proper, of conforming to contemporary uses and customs. These rules practically extend to every aspect of ancient Chinese lives. There are expectations of proper conduct inherent not just in personal familial affairs but in their dealings with humanity as a whole. The same expectations that they have in their families are, in fact, present in practically all institutions and organizations. Li also mentions Confucius conception of the man of humanity simply as an extension of his thoughts regarding propriety. The man of humanity varies in his behavior according to theShow MoreRelated Confucianism - Filial Piety in Chinese Religion Essay878 Words   |  4 PagesFilial Piety in Chinese Religion Filial piety was an integral part of Chinese culture and therefore was embraced by three of Chinas main religions: Confucianism, Buddhism, and Daoism. Among the three, Confucianism, with its well documented social hierarchy, supported the ideals of filial piety the most. Buddhism and Daoism also supported filial piety in some of their texts, but had monastic systems that prevented monks and nuns from being filial children. 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Shakespeare s Othello Appearance Vs Reality - 1368 Words

The critically acclaimed play Othello written by the most highly regarded playwright William Shakespeare uses the theme of appearance vs reality often throughout the tragic story. Within this theme and throughout the play life lessons are dropped along the way for the reader to consume. There is surely many valuable ones but a few stood out in terms of relevancy to the modern day. They are as follows, leading a deceptive and manipulative life will take one towards their own downfall, be careful who one trusts and relies on, and be certain before jumping to conclusions about the various things in life. Leading a life of deception and manipulation doesn’t sound like the perfect life plan for many. Though, some are intrigued and drawn toward the idea of such a life style. Iago, the antagonist in Othello, is best known for doing this throughout the play. Throughout the tragic story, Iago continuously shows his true colours and each time he commits a villainous act the shade gets darker and darker. Most notably during his deceitful aside that spoke of Roderigo and Cassio. (5.1.11-22). In this quote, Iago heinously speaks of getting Roderigo and Cassio to kill one another. Both are men that trust him with their lives and Iago takes it to his advantage. Iago needs them both dead so Roderigo wont ask for all the money he has fronted Iago thus far and he needs Cassio dead so his plan won’t be ruined. By the way, his plan is to ruin Othello’s life which tells one a lot aboutShow MoreRelatedOthello, By William Shakespeare1599 Words   |  7 Pages William Shakespeare’s 16th century play Othello is a duplicitous and fraudulent tale set alternatingly between Venice in act 1, and the island of Cyprus thereafter. 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The Argument About Cause and Effect Essay Topics about Animals

The Argument About Cause and Effect Essay Topics about Animals Before you commence working on cause and effect essay outline the very first thing you have to do is to select a winning topic. There's always a reason behind every function. When picking a topic to cope with, you should make certain it's in clear connection with the the inner workings of the issue under review. Maybe you are in need of an easy topic which will not see you devote all of your time doing research with very little success. Cause and Effect Essay Topics about Animals Additionally, humans are creating mass amounts of waste that's contaminating the complete Earth. Some factors like recession, outsourcing, and too little education have been fronted in an endeavor to spell out the phenomenon. No wonder you'll find some trending cause and effect essays in the subject of academia. A cause-effect essay on the subject of deforestation could concentrate on the reasons behind the destruction and the effect it has. Type of Cause and Effect Essay Topics about Animals Cause and effect essays are a few of the most frequent pieces, students will be asked to write. As students, you can't avoid writing cause and effect essays sooner or later in time. Students aren't supposed to learn to compose a cause and effect essay alone. Visualizing things is a strong method. Essay proofreading service You will discover that you do your work or an essay something which aren't always brought on by laziness or absence of free moment. Cause and effect essays are among the simplest to write. For instance, a paper focusing on effects might have a paragraph about how exercise helps diabetics by boosting muscle mass. The cause and effect essay mainly consists of the discussion about the reason for the occurrence of a specific thing in addition to the impact of occurrence of the exact same. The sorts of reasons and effects might be different. There are different kinds of cause and effect that someone may take under consideration. The Definitive Strategy for Cause and Effect Essay Topics about Animals An essay about the source of the American Civil War could start out with slavery and move on to other ideas, including states' rights. The very first configuration addresses the circumstance when a single outcome is du e to a variety of factors. Nowadays medical therapy methods become increasingly more up-to-date and the info is at the very same time more available to individuals. Make certain that you have enough details you may use as an effective evidence. Who Else Wants to Learn About Cause and Effect Essay Topics about Animals? The topic may be more difficult to produce. Every topic was assigned by the experts and that is the reason why easy to find the resources online for research. You might think that political and socioeconomic topics are excessively dull for you, but your professor is going to be impressed with this kind of research. You require a more advanced topic which will be an immediate reflection of your degree of studies. Causes are introduced as argumentative topics which introduce the main topics of contemporary society in a concise presentation where creativity is crucial. Make sure that you carry out the required quantity of research about the topic you will choose to be able to make and compose a significant essay that will trace the reason and highlight the effect of your favorite event or subject. The very first step of writing a fantastic reflective essay is selecting a topic, so choose wisely! More online essay writing services can likewise be availed for other forms of essays. It is essential to the success of any school to employ dedicated teachers that are physically present to administer excellent education to every student. You will possibly fail the training course. Some can get the job done better as substantial school research paper topics, while others are going to make decent research paper topics for college students. Well, here you'll locate distinctive items for each colle ge student. Being objective in your writing lets people know you're seriously interested in the info you're presenting, producing your research more reliable. Technology or social networking topics are something which everyone would like to investigate because so lots of us are concerned about our own use of phone and societal media. They is becoming a big cause of poor economic development as half the population spends their entire time on socializing with different social networking sites. Social media sites consume the complete data of all generation men and women in the current period of time.

3D Printing for Biotechnology and Chemical Sciences- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the3D Printing for Biotechnology and Chemical Sciences. Answer: Gross, B. C., Erkal, J. L., Lockwood, S. Y., Chen, C., Spence, D. M. (2014). Evaluation of 3D printing and its potential impact on biotechnology and the chemical sciences. Link - https://www.silae.it/files/Anal_Chem_3D.pdf In the paper, the authors talks about the role of 3D printing technology in revolutionizing teaching and research laboratories. In this article the history of 3D printing is talked about, various 3D printing methods are reviewed and additionally it presents current applications. The paper talks about Charles Hull who developed the concepts of 3D printing such as RP (rapid prototyping), AM (additive manufacturing) and SFF (solid freedom technology). Automotive and Aerospace industries have been the beneficiaries of 3D technologies because of printing prototypes of airline and car parts. Additionally, the contribution of this technology government and private defense industry is well recognized. Already the prototypes of gun and various weapons are being produced by the defense industry. In the case of research settings, biomedical and engineering applications have been the contributors in researching about 3D technologies. The main part which the paper focuses is that a branch that is known as chemical sciences has tremendous potential to make use of 3D technologies. This paper also talks about few rapid prototyping methods in 3D technology. SLA (Stereolithography) was developed Chuck Hall. This method was the first rapid prototyping method that was commercialized. Different approaches are used such as laser writing and direct write curing process which is mask based. It also talks about another method which is known as FDM (Fused Deposition modeling) which was developed by Scot Crump. In this method thermoplastic materials are used to produce products. From the paper, it is clear that extensive research was done on methods employed in analytical chemistry to produce prototypes. However, the paper does not include the prospects of future research in the subject. Miko?ajewska, E., Macko, M., Ziarnecki, ?., Sta?czak, S., Kawalec, P., Miko?ajewski, D. (2014). 3D printing technologies in rehabilitation engineering. Link: https://repozytorium.ukw.edu.pl/xmlui/bitstream/handle/item/1300/Mikolajewska%20Macko%203D%20printing%20technologies%20in%20rehabilitation%20engineering.pdf?sequence=1 In this paper, authors talks about novel technologies such as reverse engineering, 3D scanning and 3D printing. It also mentions that customization of numerous medical devices and cost cutting in manufacturing and design will be brought because of the broader use of 3D technologies. The main objective of the article is to research about existing opportunities in the field of rehabilitation engineering. In this 3D technology, materials like living cells, ceramics and plastics are used to manufacture items. Many technologies or version of 3D technology might be available but the general essence is the same. Any object is built layer by layer in a vertical position. This process allows the creation of complex structures. The paper also mentions that advances in other fields have led to advances in another field. Some of the 3D techniques used in clinical application are 3D scanning and 3D printing in drug fabrication and surgery. It also mentions that manual designing could be changed b ecause of CAD (computer aided designing), RP (rapid prototyping) and CAM (computer aided manufacturing). The strength of the article is that it points out the extensive research already done in the clinical and rehabilitation engineering and also mentions future scope of this technology. The article also points out that there will be emergence of new therapies because of 3D printing. However, what kind of therapies will emerge is not listed. Bibliography: Gross, B. C., Erkal, J. L., Lockwood, S. Y., Chen, C., Spence, D. M. (2014). Evaluation of 3D printing and its potential impact on biotechnology and the chemical sciences. Miko?ajewska, E., Macko, M., Ziarnecki, ?., Sta?czak, S., Kawalec, P., Miko?ajewski, D. (2014). 3D printing technologies in rehabilitation engineering.

Play within a play Essays - Economy, Politics Of The United States

Prof. P History 2010 07 September 2010 The Great Depression: America, 1929-1941 This book was written by Mc Elvaine back in 1993. His ideology of the Great Depression in the United States is a well putting together narrative, largely chronological. In this interpretive history, the author discusses the causes and the results of the worst depression in American history, covering the time from 1929 to 1941. Its emphasis is on people and politics, with portraits of Hoover and Roosevelt and descriptions of events and conflicts in and around elections, parties and factions, Congress, workers' organizations, relief programs, and so forth. He also examines the causes of this cataclysmic event, its impact upon the American people, and the political, governmental, and cultural responses to it. There's no serious attempt at economic history, there's not a single table of figures, but the economic debates about the Depression and its causes are touched on in the opening chapters. There's much more depth to the social history, though that is mostly approached from the perspective of planners and programs; for the views of ordinary Americans, McElvaine draws heavily on the letters written to Eleanor and Franklin Roosevelt. There's also a (fascinating to me) account of the Federal Theatre Project and the other "art" relief projects. The author dives into popular literature and films of the era to build a narrative of the public's changing values, from competition-based acquisitive individualism in the Roaring Twenties to cooperation-based economic moralism McElvaine attempts were to place the Depression in the broader currents of US history, with a particular focus on large-scale, long-term changes in attitudes and values. This sometimes seems over-simplistic, but does give his narrative a guiding framework: the only real awkwardness comes with attempts to link the Great Depression to current politics. I don't wish to romanticize the Great Depression era as some golden age of cooperation and community, but I do believe there are applicable lessons to be learned from the way in which communities responded to the suffering of their time, particularly as we stand on the shifting sands of a cliff called "collapse Little background is assumed by The Great Depression ? I had no problems following it despite my sketchy knowledge of United States history ? and McElvaine's approach makes for easy reading. As well as making a fine introduction, it provides a basis for further more specialized reading. I completely disagree with McElvaine's approach that Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal and Keynesian economics did not rescued the nation from total catastrophe, but he also points out that "...the changing mix of American values in the Depression-was of even more significance than was Roosevelt himself."(324) Roosevelt's agenda would have fallen on deaf and smug ears ten years earlier, and it could not have succeeded without a change in values in the American people that was able to resonate with the values of the New Deal. I hasten to add that I do believe that it was the New Deal that ultimately pulled the nation out of the depression. In my opinion the FDR administration and the New Deal saved capitalism from the shock of its worst excesses by being pragmatic, and not ideologically rigid. I am not denying World War II and the launching of the military industrial complex that did help and has continued to "prevent" depressions and mask more protracted, less visible economic and social injustice. The book ends by concluding that nothing the New Deal did ever cured the Depression (which only ended with the start of World War II), but that the emerging values of Depression-era America laid the groundwork for the U.S. government we know today. Yet I think the author's opinions are very revealing, even if I do not agree with most of them. The Great Depression was a great trauma. I think it is important to understand the time as it was back then. In short, this book is an respected study of the HISTORY of the Great Depression era, with a dose of the author's liberal opinions. The dates, facts, people and events are explained thoroughly and in a way that is easy to read. Personally, I think a good biography of Franklin Roosevelt is a better place to start, but this book

Detecting Signs of E.T.

Detecting Signs of E.T. From time to time, the news media falls in love with stories about how aliens have been found. From the detection of a possible signal from a distant civilization to tales of an alien megastructure around a star observed by the Kepler Space Telescope to the story of the WOW! signal detected in 1977 by an astronomer at Ohio State University, any time theres a hint of a puzzling discovery in astronomy, we see breathless headlines that aliens have been found.   In point of fact, there hasnt been an alien civilization found...yet. But, astronomers keep looking! Finding Something Weird In late summer 2016, astronomers picked up what seemed like a signal from a distant sun-like star called HD 164595. Preliminary searches using the Allen Telescope Array in California showed that the signal picked up by a Russian telescope was not likely from an alien civilization. However, more telescopes will check out the signal to understand what it is and what could be making it. For   now, however, its problem not little green aliens sending us a howdy.   Another star, called KIC 8462852, was observed by Kepler for more than four years. It appears to have a variability in its brightness. That is, the light we perceive coming from this F-type star dims periodically. Its not a regular period of time, so its probably not caused by an orbiting planet. Such planet-caused dimmings are called transits. Kepler has cataloged many stars using the transit method and found thousands of planets this way. But, the dimming of KIC 8462852 was just too irregular. While astronomers and observers worked on cataloging its dimmings, they also talked to an astronomer who had been thinking hard about what we might see if a distant star had planets with life on them. And, in particular, if that life was technologically able to build superstructures around their star to harvest its light (for example).    What Could it Be? If a big structure orbited a star, it could cause the variability in the stars brightness to be irregular or even random-seeming. Of course, there are some caveats with this idea. First, distance is a problem. Even a fairly large structure would be difficult to detect from Earth, even with very strong detectors. Second, the star itself could have some strange variable pattern, and astronomers would need to observe it for longer periods of time to figure out what it is. Third, stars with dust clouds around them can also have fairly large planetary structures forming. Those planetesimals could also cause irregular brightness dips in the starlight we detect from Earth, especially if they were orbiting at staggered distances. Finally, catastrophic collisions between clumps of material around a star could deliver huge groups of objects such as cometary nuclei in orbit around the star. Those could also affected the perceived brightness of the star.   The Simple Truth In science, theres a rule that we follow called Occams Razor - it means, essentially, for any given event or object you observe, generally the most plausible explanation is the simplest one.   In this case, stars with clumps of dust, planetesimals, or roving exo-comets are more likely than aliens. Thats because stars FORM in cloud of gas and dust, and younger stars still have material around them left over from the formation of their planets. KIC 8462852 could be in in a planet-forming stage, consistent with its age and mass (its about 1.4 times the mass of the Sun and a bit younger than our star). So, the simplest explanation here is NOT an alien megacomplex, but swarms of comets.   The Search Protocol The search for extrasolar planets has always been a prelude to a search for life elsewhere in the universe. Each star and planet system discovered to have worlds has to be examined carefully so that astronomers understand its inventory of planets, moons, rings, asteroids, and comets. Once thats done, the next step is to figure out if the worlds are friendly to life -- that is, are they habitable? They do this by trying to understand if the world has an atmosphere, where it is in its orbit around the star, and what its evolutionary state might be.   So far, none have been found hospitable. But, theyll be found. Odds are, there is intelligent life elsewere in the universe. Eventually, we will detect it - or it will find us. In the meantime, astronomers on Earth continue to search for habitable planets around likely stars. The more they study, they more theyll be ready to recognize lifes effects elsewhere.

Talking on the phone while driving should be legal in Florida Essay

Talking on the phone while driving should be legal in Florida - Essay Example Talking on the phone while driving should be legal in Florida because drivers can talk through hands-free devices, driving does not require the use of speech, and it is not as bad as drunk driving. Drivers in Florida should be able to talk on the phone while behind the wheel of their car because it is possible to talk through hands-free devices. Technology has progressed to the point where a person can talk through a mobile phone without needing to hold it up to their face. I agree that letting drivers talk on a phone held up to their ear may be dangerous because drivers will not be focused on the road ahead of them. However, hands-free devices make it possible to have a conversation while driving a car. So long as the driver can focus on driving safely, then it should be no problem to talk with a hands-free device. Secondly, it should be legal for Florida drivers to talk on the phone and drive at the same time because driving does not require them to talk. It is very common for people to use more than one of the senses at the same time. While a person is driving, they can use their eyes to focus on the road and use their ears and mouth to communicate with the person at the other end of the line. These latter two senses are either not required at all or are very rarely used while driving so that drivers can use multiple senses at the same time. Finally, it is acceptable to allow drivers in Florida to talk on the phone while traveling because it is far safer than driving drunk. Drunk drivers do not have control of their senses and may act irrationally, whereas drivers who talk on the phone at the same time are able to maintain control because they are not intoxicated. Everyone knows that driving while drunk is dangerous, but talking on the phone is considerably safer. I believe that driving and talking on the phone should be legal in Florida for all the reasons listed above. So far there is

Course Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Course Work - Essay Example The main objective of the IAS19 was to provide the accounting and disclosure for the benefits for employees. The benefits for employees refer to all kinds of considerations that are given to the employees by the company for the services that are rendered to the company. The main aim of this standard is to account for the expenses for the employee benefits in the period that it was earned rather than in the period when it is paid or payable. This allows the finances to be in place and to ensure that the expenses are recorded in the actual period rather than in any other payable period. IASB plays a major role in the development of the amendments for the IAS 19. There are a number of amendments that the IASB has brought into the IAS 19 and Sir David Tweedie, IASB Chairman had mentioned, ‘Pension costs are one of the most complex and obscure areas of accounting. The amendment issued today allows entities to choose a simpler, more transparent method of accounting than is commonly adopted at present. I hope that many entities will take the opportunity of improving their financial reporting in this way’ (International Accounting Standards Board, 2004). As mentioned earlier, the basic principle of IAS 19 is, ‘The cost of providing employee benefits should be recognised in the period in which the benefit is earned by the employee, rather than when it is paid or payable’ (Deolitte, 2010). Considering the standards there are a few differences that need to be considered and understood. These are as discussed below: a) Short term Benefits: There refer to the employee benefits that are required to be settled within the twelve months that the employee renders services. The benefits that classify under this heading include salaries, wages and other benefits like sick leave, bonuses and non monetary benefits as well. This does not require any actuarial valuation hence there is no need and

Types Of Organizational Structures Commerce Essay

Types Of Organizational Structures Commerce Essay An organization is a unique framework of authority within which a person or persons act, or are designated to act, towards some purpose. Information Technology-Metadata Registries Registry Meta Model and Basic Attributes, World Bank, February 2003. So as to achieve its purpose every organization should possess an organizational structure. Organizational structure is the skeleton system based on which an organization functions. The organizational structure acts as a medium to bring together all its members and helps them to understand recruitment, leadership, decision making and work towards the organizational goals. In this document we would discuss the effect of organizational structure on motivation in an organization. Organizational Structure Human bodies are outlined by a skeleton system which determines the physical parameters; similarly an organization needs a structure which outlines the functioning of the organization. Organizational structure deals with the framework which defines the relation between people and positions in the organization. Jennifer and Gareth have defined organization structure as the formal system of task and reporting relationships that controls, coordinates and motivates employees so that they cooperate and work together to achieve an organizations goals. Several tasks are to be implemented in an organization, for these organizational tasks to be successful, they should be coordinated. Organizational structure supports division of work, categorizing the tasks and supervision in an organization. An effective organizational structure aids the efficient running of an organization. The factors that govern the formulation of an organizational structure are benefits of channelizing the tasks, hurdle s due to communication and obstacles due to formatting the authority levels. Organizational structure helps the managers in a firm to describe, distribute and get job done. Organizational structure also helps in determining the goals, estimating the deadlines and setting the performance standards, regulate the operations with reporting systems. Types of Organizational Structures Based on the arrangement of activities the organizational structures can be defined into three types: Functional Structure Functional structure is the oldest and most common form of organizational structure. An organization when divided into several sub-units based on the specialized functions, this structure would be called as functional structure. In a functional structure grouping is done based on the specific functions like operations, production, finance and marketing. The advantages of an organization possessing a functional structure are specialization, accountability and clarity. Every sub-unit emphasizes on its own work, a member of the sub-unit is delegated with authority and responsibility. The sub-unit pretty clear on the goals and people know their roles. http://www.businessmate.org/userupload/Functional_Organizational_Structure.jpg The functional structure of the organization has few disadvantages like, distance between top level management and the sub-units in an organization, coordination between different sub-units is not so easy, the organization becomes very resistive to change and communication problems would arise. Divisional Structure The divisional structures are found in large scale industries which develop and deal with more than one product and operate in several markets across the globe. The organization is divided into several sub units based on the products, markets and consumer needs in different geographical regions. The sub-units are independent and work under a divisional manager, the divisional manager reports to the head office and delegated with powers of decision making on production, marketing functions. This allows the managers to make decisions on the respective divisions in time. This model facilitates the sub-units to concentrate on the consumer needs, encourages competition among the divisions and improved regulation as every sub-unit acts as individual profit center. This also has few disadvantages, like replication of functions (a sub-unit may require different sales teams). The competition among the sub-units may lead to negative consequences and it would difficult to control and coordinate each sub-unit. http://images.flatworldknowledge.com/cadden/cadden-fig12_007.jpg Adaptive Structure Adoptive structures are the organizational structures framed to handle the exclusive situations. There are two types of structures in this they are: i) Project Organization The positive side of this structure is that the structural framework of the parent organization doesnt get interrupted and the project aims to accomplish its task within the time frame and to reach the expected standards. There is a scope for better managing and control over the tasks, as the managers are delegated with authority and responsibility for results. ii) Matrix Organization Matrix structure is a framework which allots resources from different functional sub-units to work on more than one project. There may be two diverse projects implemented in organizations simultaneously. A project manager is assigned to every project and he is responsible for assigning all the required resources to accomplish the tasks and meet the goals specified. http://sameh.files.wordpress.com/2006/05/Organization%20Structure3.jpg Innovation and how organizational design effects innovation Innovation is the act or process of innovating; something newly introduced, new method, custom, device, etc. change in the way of doing things; renew, alter. (Websters New World Dictionary, Second College Edition 1982). Successful innovation requires an optimal overall formal business structure (Burgelman Maidique, 1988). As businesses grow there is a tendency to add layers, becoming more mechanistic and institutionalizing bureaucracy (Kanter, 1983). High performing firms motivate and enable innovative behavior by creating permeable business boundaries helping break down the barriers separating functions, product groups and businesses (Ashkenas, 1998; Maira Thomas, 1998). The list of factors influencing the motivation in an organization is technology, Complexity, Centralization and Formality. Complexity can be described as the dissimilarities between the tasks and the sub-units. Complexity depicts the extent of diversity in the organization. The more is the number of tasks and number of jobs the more complex an organizational structure would be. It would be difficult to manage a complex organization. Horizontal differentiation, vertical differentiation and spatial differentiation are the three types of arrangements based on the complexity of the endeavors. By formalization we mean clear role definition, written guidelines regarding duties and responsibilities of board members, and written procedures. Indeed, formalization helps rationalize behavior in organizations and is manifested in the rules governing behavior, including role relations of individuals occupying positions in the organizations structure (Scott, 1998). Formalization is possible by specialization, delegation of authority and wide span of control. Centralization is one the 14 principles put forwarded by Henry Fayol, according to Henry Fayol, reducing the role of low level employees in the process of decision making is called centralization. The hurdle dealing with centralization is that one has to come up with the right degree of centralization in each unique case. The effect of different organizational structures on innovation in an organization is as follows. Functional units are habituated to orthodox ways of working and are resistant to change, this would not allow employees to think out of the box. The coordination between different sub-units is time taking process; hence the gap between idea generation and idea implementation would be long. The gap between top level management and the functional units doesnt allow employees to share vision of organization with all the employees. Functional structures have a system for closed communication, which do not encourage opinions, suggestions and feedback. In this structure sub-units are not aware of the performance of the other sub-units of the organization. All these factors put together makes innovation in functional organizations a tough task. Innovation in organizations following divisional structure is better than functional organizational structures. Divisional organization structures are always clearly focusing on consumer needs, production requirements and geographical areas of business. Divisional structure leads to positive competition between its sub-units, which encourage innovation in the organization. Divisional structures have a better control over its sub-units than the functional structures. This helps the management to explain the vision of organizations to its employees and encourage innovation. Adaptive Structures are a result of combination of functional and divisional structures. This organizational structure is an amalgam of functional expertise and team work. This encourages positive communication, constructive feedback and effective idea generation. These structured organizations share the vision and mission of the organization with all its employees. These organizations give the management a higher degree of control over its employees and their tasks. This gives a better chance for the management to reward the employees with incentives who come up with innovative ideas and support those ideas and see that those are implemented for the good of the company. Conclusion Adaptive structures are the ones which encourage innovation most out of all the different organizational structures. Any organization with coordination among all the sub-units, shares vision, encouraging idea generation, gives quality feedback, suggestions and supports the implementation of ideas financially and morally will always be innovative in its working.

An Article I Wrote for the High School Paper :: Personal Narrative Essay Example

An Article I Wrote for the High School Paper Philip Emeagwali, a man of immeasurably high intelligence, spurns the description people most often attach to him: genius. "I don't like that term. People think it only means genius in the mathematical sense or that it refers to a select group of people," Emeagwali, 44, told about 50 parents last night at a public forum on schools. "But I think every one of us has the power to be a genuis. I was not born a genius; it was nurtured in me by my father." When he was 10, growing up in western Nigeria, Emeagwali was drilled daily by his father to solve 100 math problems in one hour. There was no time to write solutions on paper -- he had 36 seconds per problem. So Emeagwali did them in his head. "People later called me a mathematical genuis, but you would be a genuis, too, if you had to do 100 math problems in an hour," he said. In the last two days, the man who has been called "one of the greatest intellectual giants Africa has produced" has been taking his message -- the importance of homework, cultivating encouragement at home, and surmounting obstacles -- to a school district that has been mired in problems. Standardized test scores here sank to such lows in recent years that the state placed the district in a special monitoring program. And even as the roofs of the town's school buildings crumbled, taxes soared. Not that Emeagwali didn't have his own trials to overcome. When he was 12, Emeagwali lived underneath ceilings that crumbled from rocket shells. From 1967 to 1970, Nigeria fell into civil war, forcing schools to close. Emeagwali had finished only seventh grade. "We ate only once a day. Some days we had nothing to eat. We were among the poorest families in the world," Emeagwali told students at a high school assembly earlier in the day. "Growing up poor and overcoming several obstacles made me a stronger person. I became more determined to succeed in life." Studying on his own from 6 a.m. to midnight, Emeagwali passed entrance examinations to the University of London with top grades. In 1974, he immigrated to the United States, obtaining degrees in several subjects.

Artificial Intelligence

One were to take a look around the room they are currently in, chances are there would be some form of artificial Intelligence present. From cell phones to computers – artificial Intelligence Is everywhere and even a way of life. The next generation of people may never know what life is without some form of intelligence embedded into their everyday schedule and routines. Perhaps the coffee pot that brews their caffeinated beverage every morning is programmed in such a way that they don't even have to touch it.Originally, however, it was programmed by a human. Robots may indeed be programmed intelligently, but robots can never replace humans. According to Kevin Money, It Is said that â€Å"Google and a lot of other companies believe robots today are like cell phones back when they were the size of bricks and cost $6,000. It may take 10 or 20 years, but before long everybody is going to have a robot – or several† (Money, 2013). Robots work alongside human beings to ensure accuracy, precision, and skill that human beings cannot perform on their own.Dan Lyons states that, â€Å"From self-service checkout lines at the supermarket to industrial robots armed with saws and taught to carve up animal carcasses In slaughter-houses, these ever- ore-Intelligent machines are now not Just assisting workers but actually kicking them out of their jobs. Automation isn't just affecting factory workers, either. Some law firms now use artificial intelligence software to scan and read mountains of legal documents, work that previously was performed by highly paid human lawyers. Surely, robots are designed to assist humans, but can they really replace them? Author Michael Brooks writes about Hugh Lobber, a philanthropist from New York, whose goal Is to create total unemployment for all human beings throughout the world. â€Å"He wants robots to do all the work. And the first step towards that is to develop computers that seem human when you chat to them. It's n ot a new idea. Alan Turing is credited with the first explicit outline of what is now called the Turing test.A human judge sits down at a computer and has a typed conversation with an entity that responds to whatever the Judge types. If that entity is a computer, but the judge thinks It's a person, the conversational computer program passes the test (Brooks, 2013). † Human beings are highly flawed creatures and they often make mistakes. Robots, on the other hand, are computers – they execute a skill, time and mime again, without flaw, for the most part. That's why they are often used in medical settings, so that doctors can have the assistance of a robot to help execute a task.Dan Lyons states, â€Å"surgeons are using robotic systems to perform an ever-growing list of operations–not because the machines save money but because, thanks to the greater precision of robots, the patients recover In less time and have fewer complications, says Dry. Miriam Cure. † However, this doesn't necessarily mean that robots are going to replace humans. â€Å"The surgery bots don't replace surgeons?you still need a surgeon to drive the robot† (Lyons, 2013). Unfortunately, computers are computers, and one day, they will crash. It may not happen right away, but eventually, there will be a glitch, a mistake, or an entire shutdown.Computers do not have a will or desire to complete a task, so they are only as good as they are programmed. In fact, there are many attributes that computers simply cannot intelligent as they may seem. It is inaccurate to think that a computer may genuinely mimic or replace a human, because they simply don't have mental skills. A robot may be programmed to respond to certain types of tones, words, or body language, but he beautiful thing about human beings is that they can come up with their own responses on their own – no matter what the stimulus may be.According to Greg Egan, it is healthier to communicate with a real human being rather than an artificially intelligent one. He states that, â€Å"The art of conversation, of listening attentively and weighing each response, is not a universal gift, any more than any other skill. Honing one's conversational skills with a computer–discovering your strengths and weaknesses while enjoying a chat with a character that is no less interesting for failing to exist–might well lead to better conversations with fellow unmans† (Egan, 2014).This is significant because human beings need this sort of interaction for mental health and stability. If one were connected to a robot, rather than a human, they would get a false sense of reality. Michael Brooks feels the same way about it. He says, â€Å"When we talk to each other, whether it's about last night's TV or the wisdom of a military strike on Syria, we are doing something far harder than sending a rocket to the moon. We did the moon-shot decades ago but we still can't make a machine that will hold a decent conversation† (Brooks, 2013). Human beings make mistakes. It is simply a part of human nature.If a human was around a robot that didn't make mistakes, or wasn't â€Å"human† enough, then the person would become uncomfortable. According to The Economist, â€Å"To keep human workers at ease, collaborative robots should also have an appropriate size and appearance. Collaborative, humanoid robots should generally be no larger than a six-year-old, a size most adults reckon they could overpower if necessary. Large eyes make robots seem friendlier and, crucially, more aware of their surroundings. † This goes to show the relationships that humans have with each other: the bigger and stronger a arson seems to be, the more intimidating they become.There is a trust issue that takes place within the need for big eyes to seem friendlier and the need to be aware of current surroundings. Isn't one of the greatest parts of being human the ability to judg e character and decide, individually, who is frightening and untrustworthy and who is not? The article also adds, â€Å"But overly humanoid features can lead to problematically unrealistic expectations. † So, if the robot were to randomly burst into flames, then the human would no longer trust it. Alas, assuming the robot could be rusted in the first place would lead to unrealistic expectations – expectations that are not human enough to exceed.Robots are unique because they are programmed. Humans are unique because they are not – meaning they are able to think for themselves and make mistakes. The Economist states that it is important to give robots â€Å"A defining human trait–the ability to make mistakes. Amah Salem programmed a humanoid Asimov robot, made by Honda, to make occasional harmless mistakes such as pointing to one drawer while talking about another. When it comes to household robots, test subjects prefer those that err over infallible ones , Dry Salem says. This is significant to see that humans prefer robots to be more human-like by making mistakes because it makes the person more comfortable. It is almost laughable, because a human is such prone to error, so the robot might as well be, they would prefer a robot to make a mistake would mean that they are searching for that connection – a connection that would sound something like, â€Å"we are only human† and they shrug it off and feel comforted again. Although robots are indeed artificially intelligent and have many technological capabilities, they still can never be exactly eke humans or completely replace humans.They may be able to help doctors and surgeons, factory workers, and make life a little easier in the everyday world, but they simply cannot mimic humans. Therefore, the idea of connecting with a robot should be thrown out the window, along with the idea of making a robot make mistakes on purpose for the comfort of the nearest human being. Wha t the nearest human being needs is to connect with the next human being and have a reassuring conversation that they will not lose their Job to a robot – unless they fail to program their robot ropey. Artificial intelligence Artificial Intelligence Is defined as the theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and translation between languages. Artificial intelligence has come a long way as our culture has developed.Many people believe that artificial intelligence is in a sense giving these computers sentience or making them alive. What most people don't agree on is that Artificial Intelligence Is hat delightfulness Ass's from humans if they can think critically about situations and form their own opinions. In the movie â€Å"The Final Moments of Karl Brand† we are shown the basic sense of how humans feel about sentient AH systems.Karl Brand a top researcher for a new experimental AH system downloads his memories into a device. Later after he is murdered his friend pulls up the memories he had â€Å"uploaded† and they create a sentient AH version of himself. Most peo ple are greatly disturbed by the fact that AH could possibly become In a sense living and have a unconsciousness, In this movie the cop is deeply disturbed and rushes to pull the plug on the sediment being.This is how most people commonly react to change and constantly improving technology. Everyday Hollywood releases movies like terminator, and Robotic where artificial intelligences go haywire and takeover all of humanity. However, Most artificial intelligences are actually very intelligent and almost have a human like reasoning and logic. It is because of this sense of â€Å"sentience† that most people feel uncomfortable about robots and the growing technological age. Artificial Intelligence Brian Aldiss’ â€Å"Supertoys Last All Summer Long† is an interesting story which was adapted to film by Steven Spielberg in the movie â€Å"AI – Artificial Intelligence. Reading the story initially one would notice that the story ends with a hanging ending. There seems to be no closure in the story except that the audience is left wondering what happens to David since the couple, Monica and Henry, already acquired the license to conceive a real human child. The story is extremely short and would be impossible to adapt to film if not for the additions that have been made in its movie form.However, the short story itself forms the basis for the entire film save for it’s being extended to feature length. The narrative additions in the film were not added just so the basis, which is the short story, would become feature length, instead these additions serve three basic things – they appropriately conduct the story to a logical and closed-ended conclus ion, they serve to explain certain things that have not been explained in the short story because of its length, and they give the story material a more visual feel instead of the almost vignetted presentation in the literary piece.The narrative additions in the film expand the sphere of explanation for the story; something that was not done in the short story version. Noticeably, in the short story, Aldiss focused on the singular scene of the depressing interaction between Monica, David, and the super toy, Teddy. These interactions are limited to the revelations of how David reacts to the obvious disregard of Monica for him. David wonders why he cannot be loved as much by Monica whom he considers to be his mother.While the short story does not explore this fully, the film makes slight modifications by presenting Monica and Henry as a couple who had a child in suspended cryogenic animation. So, with that addition in the film, Monica is given a reason for her depression and her obvio us distance and indifference for the robot kid, David. In addition to this, the re-introduction of Monica’s real child who emerges from suspended animation serves to add another layer of conflict to the story which was surprisingly linear and less complicated in the short story version.Aside from these critical pieces of the story that were expanded and well explained in the film version, the movie also drew from the robot background of the story and created an entire world where humans interact with robots in the film. The only reference to this in the story is the serving-man which David presented to an audience as a new innovation in robotics as well as David who is the young robot boy.Of course it is assumed that with the existence of these two robots in the short story, the setting for the story becomes the future, but the film explores this further by portraying many other forms of robots to establish the idea that in the world where the story occurs, robots are made fo r various and different purposes. So, judging by how the material was expanded as more detailed narratives in the film, such narratives were not superfluous in the sense that these narrative elements had added more details to the story and made it more tangible as opposed to the fleeting and almost fickle clues that were given in the short story version.Another obvious development in the film that explains why the narratives were purposely introduced is the fact that the additions such as the adventure of David in the absence of Monica and Henry made the story more visual. In effect, the short story was merely used as a jump off platform for the movie, hence the phrase ‘based on the story’. This is expected in most film versions because most of the time, short stories create imaginary worlds in the reader’s mind that are far from tangible.So, while most of the narrative elements introduced in the film are no longer found in the short story, all of these elements can be derived from certain features of the short story itself. This is done to give the film a more material existence. Of course film is a different media an in this type of media, the story is told by visual cues and portrayals as opposed to how a story is told in literature which is mostly through mental images or what is known as imagery resulting from the expert arrangement and presentation of words.So, the addition of the narratives is in fact purposeful and intentional, the intention being to give the audience a more effective portrayal of what was initially only perceived through the imagination. The narratives give flesh to the imaginary world that was presented in the short story version allowing the film version to tell the story itself as well as allow audiences a privileged perspective into the world where the short story takes place in. The most important feature that the narratives gave to the film is the existence of a more satisfying and close-ended conclusion to t he story.It will be recalled that in the short story version the story merely ends with the couple ecstatic at knowing that they were now allowed to conceive a real child. While it is implied in the short story version that the couple had planned on disposing David because of this development when Monica says that David was malfunctioning; (Aldiss) in the film version, David pursues his dream of becoming a real boy and in the end, is reunited with his mother, Monica.While the ‘becoming a real boy’ part does not come true for David, he is given the opportunity to live life as a real boy in the end. The ending of the film is more satisfying for the audience compared to the ending in the short story because while there have been many narrative elements added to the film, these narrative elements worked together to effectively conclude the film version. Without the narrative elements the ending would have been strange and totally illogical.This, perhaps, is the most importa nt role that the narrative elements played in the film in relation to the short story version. So, while some might say that the addition of these elements totally destroyed the original story as told in the short story version, the narratives actually serves to expand the story enough for an appropriate ending or conclusion to be made. Had the narratives been absent from the film version, with the same ending that was used, the audience would have been left with nothing to base the ending on.The short story ended with an open ended conclusion in that the readers are left to assume what happens next, none of this occurs in the film largely because of the narratives which effectively told the story from start to finish and gave the ending sturdy foundations in the body of the film itself. So, the narrative elements in the film are not there merely to extend the short story into a feature version because like literature, any addition to a piece is always intentional.The purpose of add ing the narrative features into the film was to allow a more expanded perspective on the material as well as give the story a more visual appeal which is what is intended; but of course, the most important purpose of the narratives was to allow the story to end successfully. It is impossible to compare a short story to a movie when the movie openly admits that it is only based on the short story.In cases where such is in effect, where the movie is merely based on existing literary material, the literary piece may just be a minute portion of the film as a whole. In the case of Aldiss and the movie â€Å"AI† the director of the movie succeeded in his intentions of adding narrative features to the existing material which is the short story while at the same time preserving the integrity of the basis for the film.In many cases, the base material is lost in the telling of the story through film, but in this case both the director as well as the screenplay writer succeeded in prese rving the basic material while offering a film that was both entertaining and water-tight, story-wise. ? Works Cited Aldiss, Brian. â€Å"Super-Toys Last All Summer Long. † N. p. , 2007. Web. 12 July 2010. . Artificial Intelligence Technology keeps on getting better and better time to time. According to the Kondratieff Cycle, the technology changes states in around 50 years and in the early years of this 50 year cycle it builds upon only losses and only in the last ten years it brigs true returns which are actually the costs of adapting the technology being nullified.Artificial Intelligence is the premium technology being practiced today as it has the ability to mimic human behavior. The fact that AI systems can learn make them more viable for race to gain edge over your rivals, therefore firms are readily adapting such systems as they tend to boost performance of the firms.AI, not only helps the firms, but also helps individuals (employees) in understanding the cases and directing strategies efficiently. It also reduces the work load for many employees but at a tactical or top level.AI is more like a nightmare for operational level employees as it tends to destroy the chain to speed up operations. For instance , an efficient AI planted into a manufacturing firm can eliminate the need for manpower in assembling departments.At present, the commercial world is hungry for technology that would ease operations and decision making to the maximum level as the long run costs of maintaining these systems are extremely low as compared to employee management programs.This means that professional jobs are at stake. Further, such systems do not have an aging problem so knowledge can be contained easily. The point still argued is can we rely on machines that work on binary codes i.e. Yes or No options only?Computers can think but can not think rationally as humans may do, computers may be able to comprehend faster but still they can not act intuitively as humans do. References1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Jan Goldberg, Mark Rowh, (2003), â€Å"Great Jobs for Computer Science Majors†Edition: 2, McGraw-Hill Professional2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Alan Kernoff, Tom Schwartz Associates, (1986), â€Å"Who's who in Artificial Intelligence: The AI Guide to People, Products, Companies, Resources, Schools and Jobs†, WWAI,3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Samir Dasgupta, Ray Kiely, (2006), â€Å"Globalization and After†,Sage Publications, Artificial Intelligence The movie Artificial Intelligence: A.I. is written and directed by Steven Spielberg, and stars Haley Joel Osment (â€Å"David†) and Jude Law (â€Å"Gigolo Joe†).   The movie is set in the future in a civilization that has taken drastic steps to ensure the survival and prosperity of society by limiting human population.Wealthy nations stay afloat by limiting the number of childbirths allowed per married couple.   In fact couples who exceed the minimum legal standard for number of children were penalized by law.   Human beings also co-exist with androids, called â€Å"mechas† who perform various functions for their human owners, such as gardeners, nannies, laborers, and, in Joe’s case, gigolos.Traditionally, the androids built by humans were not programmed to feel any emotions.   They were programmed merely to assist in the day-to-day lives of human beings.   This all changes when a company called Cybertonics creates a boy mecha called David, who i s built not only with artificial intelligence, but with emotional intelligence (or EQ) as well.In other words, David can love, looks for love, and responds to love from a human being.   As such, David is an experimental model, since no other mecha had been built quite like him, and Cybertronics selected one of their employees, Henry Swinton (played by Sam Robards) from a list of candidates of possible parents-to-be to take in David and to treat him as his own son.Henry decides to take David home under the advisement of the doctor who was worried about the health of Henry’s wife Monica (played by Frances O’Connor).Their own son, Martin (played by Jake Thomas) was seriously ill and was in suspended animation for a long time.   The doctors did not see the possibility of him recovering.The doctor told Henry that instead of worrying about his son, he should start worrying about the emotional wellness of his wife.   In order to do that, Henry thought that he should fil l the void left by the â€Å"loss† of their son by taking home David to take Martin’s place.At first, Monica (played by Frances O’Connor) is appalled at the idea.  Ã‚  Ã‚   The very thought of taking home an android to take Martin’s place angers Monica in the beginning. Henry then appeases her by telling her that he will take David back.He then informs Monica that there is a code consisting of 7 random words that, if spoken, will enable a mechanism in David to start acting and feeling like a real boy.   He warns her that if that code is enabled, David can no longer be returned.   He will have to be destroyed in the factory because if activated, the android would recognize no other mother and would be worthless.She is initially afraid of David, and tries to ignore him, but her maternal instincts take over, and soon, she warms up to David and starts treating him as her son.One morning Monica decides to activate the code embedded inside David, and he h imself starts to respond to Monica in the way a human child responds to his or her parent.   David does everything he can to please Monica, and she responds with warmth and love.   At the Swintons, David also makes friend with Teddy, a mecha teddy bear who speaks and has taken it upon himself to keep an eye out for David.Unfortunately, David’s happy stay at the Swintons, where he is treated as a real live boy and a son, does not last for long.   Martin, the Swintons’ real son, recovers miraculously from his illness and is sent home to his parents.   Upon his arrival, Martin becomes jealous over the attention and love his mother bestows on David.He starts thinking of ways to get David into trouble, to make his mother Monica love David less, and to give him, Martin, her full love and attention.

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